英语简单句5种基本句式:
1 S+V(主语+不及物动词） 例句:
It matters/counts.很重要。It doesn't matter.不要紧。
She got up early this morning.今天早上她起床早。(主谓状，简单句)
The hurricane died away,causing many people homeless.飓风停了，(飓风)导致许多人无家可归。(主谓状，现在分词作结果状语，简单句)
After a long journey,tired but happy,they slept soundly.长途跋涉之后，虽然累但是快乐，他们安稳入睡了。(状主谓，简单句)
*注意:run out,go out,look out,wash well,sell well,write well等，是不及物短语。
拓展讲解:
1)Tom left alone,a book in the hand.手里拿着一本书，Tom独自离开了。(主谓状，独立主格结构作状语，简单句)
2)She got up early this morning so that she caught the first bus.今天早上她起床早，结果赶上了首班车。(主句+从句，结果状从，复合句)
3)She got up early this morning so that she could catch the first bus.今天早上她起床早，为了赶上首班车。(主句+从句，目的状从，复合句)
句式练习，用正确的形式(汉译英):
1)昨天他走得匆忙，去见他的一个老朋友。
2)由于我的粗心大意，我的猫消失在人群中了。
3)10年艰辛工作之后，他们过着幸福的生活。
4)不知道此事，她独自回到家里。(分词作状语)
5)李明努力学习为了使妈妈开心。(用简单句和复合句两种形式写)
6)这台机器，上月购买的，运行正常。(分词作定语)
参考答案:
1）Yesterday he left hurriedly to meet one old friend of his.
2）Because of my carelessness,the cat vanished in the crowd.
3）They lived happily,afer 10 years' hard work.
4）Not knowing it,she returned home alone.
5）Li Ming studied hard to make his mother happy. Li Ming studied hard so that he could make his mother happy.
6)The machine,bought last month,functions well.
2 S+LV+P(主语+系动词+表语）例句:
That's it. 就这样。 I'm sorry to hear that.抱歉听到那个消息。(不定式表原因，作状语）
It's nice to meet you.见到你真高兴。(it作形式主语，不定式作主语）
That sounds a good idea.听起来不错。
These cakes seemed untouched.这些蛋糕好像没有人动过。
The dish cooked by Tom tastes terrible.Tom煮的饭菜尝起来糟糕。(过去分词短语作定语，简单句）
The boy looked worried all day after the car accident.车祸之后这个男孩看起来整日闷闷不乐。(主系表状，简单句)
To see is to belive.眼见为实。
Her dream was to become a doctor in a big hospital after graduation.她的梦想就是毕业后在一家大医院当医生。(主系表状，简单句)
It seems to rain tonight.今晚好像要下雨。(主系表状，简单句)
拓展讲解:
1)It's the fact.这就是事实。
It's the fact that his father passed away 10 years ago.这就是事实:他父亲10年前去世了。(表语后接同位语从句，复合句)
2)He was ill that day.那天他生病了。He was absent from the meeting.他开会缺席了。
The reason why he was absent from the meeting was that he was ill that day.他开会缺席的理由是那天他生病了。(含两个从句，定语从句和表语从句，reason作主语其表语从句只能由that引导，复合句）
3)It's necessary that we should plant more trees around the village.我们在村子周围种更多的树是必要的。(it形式主语，that引导主语从句，复合句）
4)It's reported that a big fire happened to the high building last night.据报道，昨晚上这座高楼遭遇了一场大火。(it形式主语，that引导主语从句，复合句）
5）What he said just now is what we talked about yesterday.他刚才说的就是昨天我们所谈论的话题。（主语从句，表语从句，复合句）
6）My question is how they can achieve their goals.我的问题是他们怎样才能达到目标。(含疑问语气的表语从句，复合句）
*常用系动词:是，位于，似乎 be,lie,appear,seem;感官系动词 look,feel,smell,sound,taste;表变化 come,go,become,turn,grow,get;保持不变 keep,stay,continue,remain,stand,fall;证明是 prove,turn out.
句式练习，用正确的形式(汉译英）:
1）听到这个消息，她似乎很失望。（分词作状语）
2）似乎他一下子明白了一切。（表语从句）
3）100多年前这个村子怎么消失的仍然不为人知。(含主语从句）
4）这一点很清楚:我们应该采取措施去阻止空气污染。(含主语从句）
5）尽管天气良好，工程仍未完成。
6）300年过去了，这门语言没改变。(独立主格结构）
参考答案:
1）She looked very disappointed,hearing the news.
2）It seemed that/as if he knew all in such a short time.
3） It remains unknown how the whole village disappeared overnight more than 100years ago.
4）It's clear that we should take measures to stop air pollution.
5）Despite the fine weather,the project remained uncompleted/unfinished.
6）300 years passing,the language stayed the same/unchanged.
3 S+V+O(主语+及物动词+宾语） 例如:
Last week,we read a novel written by Lu Xun.上周我们读了一本鲁迅写的小说。(分词作定语，状主谓宾定，简单句）
His encouraging words lifted my spirits those days.在那些日子里他激励人心的言辞振作了我的精神。（主谓宾状，简单句)
We hate being laughed at in public.我们讨厌在公共场合被人嘲笑。(动名词作宾语，主谓宾状，简单句）
She wants to find her daughter lost 3 years ago while shopping in the mall.她想找到3年前在商场购物时丢了的女儿。(含时间状语，不定式作宾语，分词作状语，主谓宾定状，简单句）
*注意:有的动词只接动名词作宾语(如enjoy,mind,insist on,look forward to,suggest)，有的只接不定式(如refuse,decide,promise,hope,afford,pretend)，有的两者都可但有含义不同(如try,go on,remember,forget)。
拓展讲解:
1）They don't know which one to buy among piles of products.在成堆的产品中，他们不知道买哪个。（疑问词+不定式相当于名词，主谓宾状，简单句）
2）The teacher gave much advice on how we should study English well.这个老师对我们怎样学好英语提了很多建议。（介词+宾语从句作定语，主谓宾定，复合句）
3）She doubts if/whether I will come here on time tomorrow.她怀疑我明天是否能准时赶到这儿。（含宾从，主谓宾从，复合句）
4）I'm sure that she can understand what I said.我确信她能理解我所说的。（两个宾语从句，主谓宾从，复合句)
I'm not sure whether she can understander what I said.我不确信是否她能理解我所说的。(be+形容词相当于及物动词，含宾语从句，主谓宾从，复合句）
5）People say that interest plays an important role as the best teacher.常言道:兴趣是最好的老师。(含宾语从句，主谓宾从，复合句）
6）Lucy wondered why she was always the last one the teacher had thought of.Lucy纳闷为何她总是老师最后才想到的学生/最忽视的学生。(含宾语从句，定语从句，主谓宾从，复合句）
7）The police are looking into the crime which happened in the park recently.警察正在调查最近在公园发生的犯罪行为。(不及物动词+介词相当于及物动词，含定语从句，主谓宾定从，复合句）
8）We lost by one point.我们输了一分。
They won by six points.他们赢了六分。(不及物动词+介词相当于及物动词，简单句）
9）The old woman has two kids to take care of at home.这个老奶奶有两个小孩要照看。(及物动词短语作定语，主谓宾定，简单句）
10）We read aloud in the moning.
We read books aloud in the mornig.早上我们大声朗读。(有的动词可以是及物动词也可以是不及物动词）
句式训练，用正确的形式(汉译英）
1）有一天在街上Mike偶然遇到了曾经和他打过架的男孩。(用及物短语，含定语从句）
2）穿白衣服的那个女子2周前在这家医院旁开了一个快餐店。
3）湖的对面，一个猎人正在追逐一只跨河的鹿子。(及物短语，含定语从句）
4）这个男子跳入冰冷的河里去救那个不会游泳的小孩。
5）与你长谈之后，你的话深深地触动了我的心。
6）勇敢而且对人有礼貌使他达到了人生的巅峰。(动名词作主语）
参考答案:
1）One day he came across the boy in the street who had fought with him.
2）The girl in white started a fast-food restaurant next to the hospital two weeks ago.
3）Across the lake,a hunter was running afer a deer that was jumping over the river.
4）The man dove into the icy water to save that kid drowning in the river.
5）After a long talk with you,your words touched me deeply.
6）Being brave and polite to others brought him to the peak of life.
4 S+V+IO+DO(主语+及物动词+间宾+直宾）
间宾和直宾被称为双宾语。
例句:
Looking at the tall tree,the little girl asked her mom many strange questions.看着那棵大树，小女孩问妈妈很多奇怪的问题。(状主谓双宾，简单句)
Those naughty children caused us much trouble in the mid-night.午夜时分那些淘气的孩子给我们带来巨大干扰。(主谓双宾状，简单句）
Her mistakes made in the office cost her all the belongings.她在工作中所犯的错误赔掉了她所有的财产。（分词作定语，主谓双宾，简单句)
The old woman charged me 10 yuan for a basket of eggs.老奶奶一篮子鸡蛋卖我10元钱。（主谓双宾状，简单句）
She called the kitten Dora,with a dog sitting next to it.在狗面前，她叫这只猫Dora.(主谓双宾状，简单句)
拓展讲解:
1）Tom passed Lily two story books in Chinese class.汉语课上Tom递给Lily两本故事书。(主谓双宾状，简单句)
Tom passed two story books to Lily in Chinese class.汉语课上，Tom递给Lily两本故事书。(主谓宾状，简单句)
2）His failure in botanic research gave us a good lesson.他在植物研究中的失败给我们巨大启发。(主谓双宾，简单句)
His failure in botanic research gave a good lesson to us.他在植物研究中的失败给我们巨大启发。(主谓宾状，简单句)
3）The company offered their companions great chances to train its employees at weekends.这个公司给他们同伴们提供了很好的机会，周末培训它的员工。(不定式作定语，主谓双宾定，简单句)
The company offered great chances to train its employees at weekends to their companions.这个公司给他们同伴们提供了很好的机会，周末培训它的员工。(主谓宾定状，简单句)
4）On arrival there,Granny cooked us lots of delicious dishes to our taste.一到达那儿，奶奶给我们煮了适合我们口味的饭菜。(状主谓双宾定，简单句)
On arrival there,Granny cooked lots of delicious dishes to our taste for us.一到达那儿，奶奶给我们煮了适合我们口味的饭菜。(状主谓宾定状，简单句）
5）To keep the girl from watching TV at home,the father made her a nice kite.为了使女孩远离电视，这位父亲给她做了一个漂亮的风筝。(状主谓双宾)
To keep the girl from watching TV at home,the father made a nice kite for her.为了使女儿远离电视，这位父亲给她做了一个漂亮的风筝。(状主谓宾状，简单句）
6)Before school,teachers prepared students many reading materials used in class.开学前，老师们给同学们准备了许多课堂使用的阅读材料。(状主谓双宾定，分词短语作定语，简单句）
Before school,teachers prepared many reading materials used in class for students.开学前，老师们给同学们准备了许多课堂使用的阅读材料。(状主谓宾定状，分词短语作短语，简单句）
*注意:有的动词后的双宾语中把直宾放在间宾之前，之间用to连接，比如bring,hand,lend,mail,offer,pass,pay,read,return,sell,send,show,take,teach ,tell,write,serve(招待），throw ，owe(欠)，award(颁奖);有的动词后的双宾语中把直宾放在间宾之前，之间用for连接，比如book(预定)，buy,choose,cook,draw,find,get(取，拿)，make,order(订购)，pick(采摘),prepare,save(留下),steal,fetch(取回)，spare(让出，抽出)。
句式训练，用正确的形式(汉译英）:
1）那年夏天，这位父亲给他可爱的女儿在湖泊边建了一座漂亮的房子，有花草树木环绕着。
2）Tom正走在回家的路上，一个男孩朝他扔来一个。
3）李明和张琳关系很好。除夕夜李明寄给她许多她喜欢的食物。
4）尽管天气不好，老奶奶给我们摘了许多树上的大苹果。
5）饿了几天，哥哥从商店里给妹妹偷了一些面包。
6)考虑了片刻，母亲为孩子们选了几本故事书。
参考答案:
1)That summer,the father bult his lovely daughter a magnificent building beside the lake,surrounded by lots of flowers and trees.
2)Tom walking on the way home,a boy threw him a basketball.
3)Li Ming and Zhang Lln are close friends.Li Ming sent her her favourite food on the Eve of the New Year.
4)Despite the bad weather,Granny picked us many apples on the trees.
5)Starving for days,this elder brother stole some bread from the shop for his sister.
6)Afer thinking for a moment,the mother chose some story books for her children.
5 S+V+O+OC(主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补）
宾语和宾补被称为复合宾语。
例句:
James wanted his little son to help him on the farm next week.James想要他的小儿子下周去农场给他帮忙。（主谓复合宾状，不定式作宾补，简单句)
Many measures taken in time made the process of production more effective in the factory.及时采取的措施使工厂里的生产过程更高效。（主谓复合宾状，形容词作宾补，简单句)
Talking and laughing on the way to school,children saw a plane crashing over the mountain.在去学校的路上有说有笑，孩子们看见一架飞机在山上坠毁。（状主谓复合宾状，分词作宾补，简单句)
At last he had his wallet stolen on the bus.最后他的钱夹在公交车上搞丢了。（状主谓复合宾状，分词作宾补，简单句)
*注意:能作宾补的结构常有:不定式，分词，名词，形容词，副词，介词短语等;感官动词如see,hear,watch.和使役动词如have,let,make(使，让）跟不定式作宾补时，要省掉to,变为被动语态时不省to。
拓展讲解:
1）Last Friday, we saw the old man go fishing near the river.上周五，我们看这个老爷爷去河边钓鱼。(状主谓复合宾状，省to不定式作宾补，简单句)
Last Friday,the old man was seen (by us) to go fishing near the river.上周五，这个老爷爷被(我们)看见去河边钓鱼。(状主谓补状，不定式作主语补足语，简单句)
2）Unluckily,the boss in the small factory made employees working 15 hours a day in those years.不幸的是，那些年这个小厂的老板让员工们一天一直工作15小时。(状主谓复合宾状，分词作宾补，简单句)
Unluckily,employees were made (by the boss in the factory) working 15 hours a day in those days.不幸的是，那些年员工们(被这个小厂老板迫使)一直工作一天15小时。(状主谓补状，分词作主语补足语，简单句)
3)Hundreds of years later,that remote district kept the original life style alive before the world.千百年之后，在世人面前这个偏远地区使这种原生态的生活方式保存良好。(状主谓复合宾状，形容词作宾补，简单句)
4)Returning home,he found nobody in the house.回到家里，他发现没人在家里。(状主谓复合宾，介词短语作宾补，简单句)
（5例子和练习稍后补充完整。原创用于教学）